秋发牡丹远缘杂交新材料筛选及系统优化

New Material Selection and System Optimization of Autumn-flowering Peonies by Distant Hybridization

为获得牡丹新材料,本研究利用秋发牡丹与野生牡丹进行远缘杂交,同时通过牡丹花粉低温周年贮存,探索克服远缘杂交育种中花期不遇及缩短育种周期等问题,为优化牡丹远缘杂交育种技术提供理论指导和技术支持。以7个秋发牡丹品种和3种野生牡丹为试材,调查了不同材料的成花生物学特性,并测定了不同贮藏条件及时长对花粉活力的影响,以解决杂交种中存在的花期不遇问题,最后本研究对不同远缘杂交组合的效率进行了筛选和评价,获得了部分优质组合可在今后加以推广。通过成花生物学特性调查,明确‘秋发1号’、‘秋发5号’、‘秋发7号’秋发特性较好,而3种野生牡丹中,狭叶牡丹成花率较其他两种高;通过研究不同温度下花粉的萌发力变化,明确了-18℃条件是储藏花粉最经济、有效且简便易行的方法,可实现周年贮藏;通过远缘杂交效率统计,发现以狭叶牡丹为父本‘,秋发5号’为母本是最优杂交组合,可在后期加以推广。

In this study, distant hybridization about autumn-flowering peony and wild peony was carried out to obtain new material for peony. Meanwhile, we explored how to overcome problems of flowering asynchronism and shortening breeding cycle during the distant hybridization breeding by annual low temperature storage of peony pollen, which could provide theoretical guidance and technical support for optimizing distant hybridization breeding technology of peony. Seven autumn-flowering peony varieties and three wild peony varieties were used as test materials, we investigated the flowering biological characteristics of different materials and detected the effects of different storage conditions and time on pollen vitality to solve flowering asynchronism in the hybrid. Finally,efficiency of different distant hybridization combinations were screened and evaluated, and some high-quality combinations were obtained which could be spread in the future. By flowering biological characteristics investigation, it was cleared that ‘Qiufa No.1’,‘Qiufa No.5’,‘Qiufa No.7’ had better autumn-flowering features, and flowering rate of narrow leaf peony was higher than others in three wild peonies. It was cleared that-18℃ was the most economical, effective and convenient method for annual storage of pollen by studying the changes of pollen germination under different temperature. Through the statistical analysis of distant hybridization efficiency, it was found that narrow leaf peony as male parent and ‘Qiu Fa’ No.5 as female parent was the optimal hybrid combination which could be spread in the future.