纹饰谱系框架下的东北地区新石器文化

A Study on the Pottery Decoration of Neolithic Culture in Northeast China

中国东北地区在新石器时代处于相对独立的考古学文化区内,各地新石器文化除了具有丰富的器物组合以外,还有多种多样的陶器纹饰,成为文化构成要素之一。之字纹、席纹、弦纹带、条形堆纹、几何纹和彩陶等几种代表性纹饰,不但具有地域特色,而且普及程度较高,其自身形式演变也极富规律性。这些基本纹饰的演变过程透视出本地区文化变迁的复杂性与多样化,其中之字纹、席纹、弦纹和几何纹等起源于兴隆洼文化,均在西辽河流域孕育、发展并向周边不断传播;彩陶和条形堆纹出现较晚,且在本地区找不到直接的源头,其中彩陶应来自同时期相邻的仰韶诸文化,通过红山文化向东部和北部传播,而条形堆纹可能来自于东北以外的更广阔地域。陶器纹饰的发展历程与筒形罐同步,一方面随时空移转在本区内部不断演变,另一方面也受到外部文化因素影响而不断异化和流变。

The Northeast China was in a relatively independent archaeological cultural area in the Neolithic Age.Besides various combinations of wares,diverse pottery decorations were an important component of local Neolithic culture.Z-shaped pattern,matted pattern,string pattern,geometric pattern,additional stripe pattern and painted pottery were representatives in this region and evolved with complexity and diversity of local culture.Decoration of Z-shaped pattern,matted pattern,string pattern and geometric pattern originated from Xinglongwa culture,spreading beyond West Liao River basin.The painted pottery came from adjacent contemporary Yangshao culture,and additional stripe pattern from other areas outside the Northeast China.Like cylindrical pottery jars,pottery decoration patterns developed along ages with influence of external cultural factors.