清代戴苍《王北山小像》考论

Research on Qing Dynasty Dai Cang's Painting Portrait of Wang Beishan

戴苍是明末清初波臣派的重要画家,曾为清初诸多文坛名士写真,画名独盛一时。然传世作品不多,关于其人其画,目前尚乏专论。山东博物馆藏《王北山小像》是戴苍为山东人王曰高所画,对了解其画艺颇有价值。画中人王曰高在顺治、康熙朝居官二十载,名望甚高,且善诗文,但有关其生平行迹,文献记载甚少。戴苍写真与卷后王士禄、陈玉璂等五位友人的题咏唱和,共同塑造了王曰高的个人形象。五位题咏者与王曰高皆属清初诗文坛名流,故此画卷既是他们之间诗文交往的一件物证,也是考察清初诗歌史与艺术史颇有价值的图像资料。本文通过查阅文献资料,分析画卷所涉及人物与相关问题,以期深入发掘与此件文物关联的历史信息。

Dai Cang was an important portrait painter of Bochen school in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.He painted portraits for many famous literary celebrities in the early Qing dynasty but only a few of them are extant today.So far there has been no monograph concentrated on him or on his works.Portrait of Wang Beishan[王北山小像] collected in Shandong Museum is valuable material for the understanding of Dai Cang’s painting skills.Wang Yuegao,courtesy name Beishan,was born in Shandong and served as an official for about twenty years in the Shunzhi and Kangxi reigns with a good reputation.He was adept at poetry but there was few records about his life experience and activities of literature.Dai Cang’s portrait and five friends’ postscripts in the painting built Wang’s image together.The five writers of postscripts and Wang Yuegao were all celebrities of literature in the early Qing dynasty,therefore this painting is not only a witness of their communication of poetry,but also precious material of image for the research of poetry and art history during the early Qing dynasty.This article analyzes the figures involved in this painting and related issues by consulting relevant literature and tries to explore the historical information associated with this artifact.