交替根区灌溉对葡萄幼树生长及干物质分配的影响

Effect of Alternate Partial Root-zone Irrigation on Growth and Distribution of Dry Matter in Young Grape Tree

为探究分根交替灌溉对葡萄幼树生长和干物质分配的影响,在避雨栽培下,以2年生盆栽葡萄幼树为试材,设置了3种灌溉模式:根区均匀灌溉(CI),单侧根区固定滴灌、1/2灌水量(FDI),双侧根区交替滴灌、1/2灌水量(ADI),研究了不同根区灌溉模式对葡萄幼树生长、干物质分配及叶片光合生理的影响。结果表明:与CI相比,FDI和ADI处理降低了葡萄幼树新梢生长量,ADI处理提高了新梢粗度,叶面积未显著降低。ADI和FDI处理葡萄树修剪量较CI显著降低15.8%和12.2%。叶片净光合速率(Pn)在果实膨大期以ADI处理略高于CI,在着色期略低于CI,FDI处理Pn显著低于ADI和CI,ADI和FDI处理的蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)显著低于CI,叶片水分瞬间利用效率(WUE)以ADI处理最高,其中在果实着色期,ADI的叶片WUE比CI提高64.9%。不同灌水模式下葡萄幼树的干物质量表现为ADI>CI>FDI,ADI处理总须根和果实干物质量显著高于CI处理,显著提高了根冠比。综上所述,交替根区滴灌处理在减少约50%灌水量的条件下降低了树体冗余生长量,维持了葡萄叶片的净光合速率,提高了叶片水分利用率,增加了干物质向须根和果实的分配量。

In order to investigate the effects of partial root-zone irrigation on the growth and dry matter production of young grape trees,this paper took 2 years old young grape tree with pot cultivation as experimental material under rain shelter,and set up 3 irrigation patterns,including conventional irrigation( CI),fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation( FDI) and alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation( ADI),and studied the effects of different root-zone irrigation patterns on the growth,dry matter allocation and leaf photosynthetic physiology. The results showed that: the new shoots growth treated by ADI and FDI was reduced compared to that by CI. New shoots diameter treated by ADI was increased,while leaf area was not significantly reduced. The total pruning amounts of ADI and FDI treatments were significantly decreased by 15.8% and 12.2% than that of CI,respectively. Pnof leaf under ADI treatment was slightly higher than that under CI at fruit expansion stage and slightly lower at grape coloring period. Pn treated by FDI was significantly lower than that by ADI and CI. Trand Gstreated by ADI and FDI were significantly lower than that by CI at both periods. The WUE treated by ADI was the highest. Leaf WUE treated by ADI increased by 64.9%,compared to that by CI at fruit coloring period. The dry matter amounts under 3 different irrigation patterns were ADI>CI>FDI.The total fibrous root and fruit dry matter weight treated by ADI were significantly higher than that by CI. Thus,the root to shoot ratio was significantly increased. In conclusion, alternating drip irrigation could reduce the redundant growth of tree,improve the photosynthetic ability of leaf and the instantaneous water use efficiency of leaf,increase dry matter distribution volume to fibrous root and fruit,under the condition of reducing 50% of irrigation amount.