唯物史观:女人与政治制度

On Woman and Political System from Historical Materialism

黑格尔对女人提出了一个辩证的政治定义:女人即是伦理社会的"内在敌人"。女人是作为一个普遍共同体中被否定的外人。在人类思想史上,这是非常传统的论断,但问题在于黑格尔思想的实现在西方政治的新趋势中会被重新提出或被重新阐释。而今,我们相信,是恩格斯通过马克思和他创立的唯物史观纠正了黑格尔关于女人的论述。恩格斯针对家庭、私有制和国家起源的分析,将性别集体主体之间的道德—政治对抗与人们在生产体系中的确定位置联系起来,同时,他对女性自身、依赖和独立以及感情与共同体的关系这个主题上提出了极为重要的思想。他指出,随着经济生活条件和社会制度的发展,性爱和情爱的确都在运动中,但婚姻制度和社会的任何其他制度一样,它们是自文明时代开始分裂为阶级的社会的运动、既不能解决又不能克服的那些对立和矛盾的一幅缩图。在世界历史过程中,随着后政治和后民主时代的来临,人们将要摆脱依存自然形成的共同体的脐带而迈向友爱共同体。

In his dialectical and political view on woman,Hegel defines woman as the inner enemy of ethical society. Thus,she is a negated outsider of the universal community. This is of course a very traditional assertion in the history of human thoughts. However,the problem is the realization of Hegel’ s proposal is reinterpreted in the current Western politics. Now it is believed that it is Engels who corrected Hegel’ s exposition of woman through Marx and his historical materialism. Engels’ analysis of family,private property and the origin of states links the moral-political antagonism of the collective gender subjects with the determined position of people in production system. Meanwhile,he puts forward important ideas concerning women,their dependence and independence,and the relationship between emotion and the community,based on which he points out that with the development of economic living conditions and social system,both sex and love are indeed in motion. But marriage,he argued,like other systems in society,is a social movement that set to split into a class ever since the civilized era and also a thumbnail of oppositions and contradictions that cannot be solved nor overcome. With the advent of the post-political and post-democratic era in the course of world history,people will get rid of umbilical cord of the naturally formed community and move towards the community of friendship.