变而求道:国内基础教育学校变革研究述评

The Review of Domestic Research on Basic Education School Reform

当前我国基础教育学校变革已步入深化阶段,关于学校变革的研究可谓汗牛充栋,对过往研究综而述之有利于研究的深入和理论的新生。国内关于基础教育学校变革的研究主要围绕"如何更好地进行学校变革"这一核心问题,展开为以价值取向、变革主体及其关系、变革对象、变革机制、变革路径及方法为主要研究领域的研究"群带"。纵向来看,过往研究呈现几大发展特点:从把"人"放于变革价值取向的边缘或模糊位置移至核心的价值取向;从单一的变革主体观和割裂的主体关系走向多元一体的变革主体观和多元共生的主体间关系;从以物质和制度为主转向以人和文化为核心的变革对象观;从对变革如何发生发展的简单描述深入到内里的变革机制研究;整个学校变革的方法选择之理从简化、单向、静态式的思维转向复杂性思维。未来要从对学校变革主体、对象、方法和环境的孤立审视走向互动关系的探究,找寻更多变革之道。

With the deepening of basic education school reform, an immense number of research has been done. Thus, a review on past studies is needed. Domestic studies have focused on the key points about how to make school reform better, around the key point, and researchers have mainly studied some domains, such as value orientation, subject of reform and intersubjective relationship, object, reform mechanism and methods. This study has found some characteristics about past researches: 1. ‘Human beings’ has become the center from the margin of value orientation; 2.The view on subject has turned unitary to multiple; 3. Human beings and culture are being the cores of reform, not the materials and systems in the past; 4. The study on reform mechanism has becoming more mature; 5. Research methodology is more and more complex, but the past simple, single-track and static thought. In the future, it should consider the interaction of reform subject, object, methods and context of reform.