疏水型气凝胶的制备及应用

Preparation and application of hydrophobic aerogel

气凝胶是一种多孔固体材料,具有高比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度、低热导率和高吸附性等特性,在隔热隔音材料、光学器件和超级电容器等方面具有广泛的应用前景。对气凝胶进行改性可进一步拓展气凝胶的应用性能。疏水改性是近年来气凝胶研究的一个热点方向,可赋予气凝胶对不同液体特殊的亲和性,疏水型气凝胶目前多用于吸附和隔热材料等。疏水改性主要方法有原位法、化学气相沉积法、表面后处理法和冷等离子改进技术等。主要针对气凝胶疏水改性方法及应用进行了介绍。

Aerogel is a kind of porous nanostructured material that possesses many advantages including high specific surface area,high porosity,low density,low thermal conductivity and high adsorption properties,etc.Aerogels have been widely used in the fields of thermal insulation,sound insulation,optical devices,supercapacitors and so forth.Proper modification of aerogels can further expand the function of aerogels.Hydrophobic modification,which can make aerogels with specific affinity for different liquids,is a hot research direction of aerogels in recent years.Hydrophobic aerogels are commonly used in adsorbing materials and thermal insulation materials.The main methods reported for hydrophobic modification are in-situ treatment,chemical vapor deposition,surface post-processing and cold plasma technology.The preparation methods and application of hydrophobic aerogels were mainly introduced.