建国初期苏联专家援华与贵州万山汞业发展

The Aid of Soviet Experts to China and the Development of Guizhou Wanshan Mercury Industry in the Early Era of P. R. China

本文结合万山特区档案、相关志书以及时代亲历者的口述资料,考察建国初期苏联专家援华与贵州万山汞业发展的历史关联。20世纪50年代初,苏联地质专家被聘请来对万山进行技术援助,带来普遍勘探汞矿的积极成效,而万山也从中苏交往历史进程的"国交无关者"转变为"被动卷入者"。当苏联专家因两国交恶于1959年全部离开后,万山则转变为历史进程的"主动塑造者",即完成"爱国汞"的规模生产,通过"以物抵资"的方式偿还对苏外债,为新中国实现于国际舞台上自立自强的外部战略做出举足轻重的贡献。

This paper investigates the historical connections between the aid of Soviet experts to China and the development of mercury industry in Wanshan, Guizhou Province in the early era of P.R. China. The Wanshan mercury industry could not at first get helps from the Soviet aids, for it was not related to "the 156 Projects". However, in the early 1950 s, Soviet geologists were employed and invited to provide technical support to Wanshan, which brought positive effects to the mercury mine exploration. Wanshan was then transformed from an irrelevant place to a passive participant in the Sino-Soviet relations. After the withdrawal of Soviet experts due to the hostility between the two nations in 1959, Wanshan turned into an active maker of history by producing "Patriotic Mercury"in large scale. Through paying off the foreign debt by goods to the Soviet Union, Wanshan had made critical contribution to China’s self-reliance on the global stage.