寇松时期英印民族主义的萌芽——以1905年孟加拉分割为例

The Emergence of Nationalism in British India during the Curzon Period: The Case Study of the Bengal Partition of 1905

19世纪末,欧洲的民族主义思潮给英属印度的两大宗教族群——印度教徒与穆斯林带来了灵感,他们逐渐有了现代政治的意识,并开始在英帝国提供的舞台上学习现代政治。时任英印总督寇松推行了一系列改革,其中争议最大的就是1905年孟加拉分割。它打破了自1857年兵变风波之后印度民族主义长期"蛰伏"的局面,开启了印度民族主义运动的大门。孟加拉分割对印度民族主义产生了较大影响:印度的"自我意识"觉醒了;国大党从幼年逐步走向成熟;穆斯林与印度教徒的敌对意识加深了。

In the end of the nineteenth century, Hindus and Muslims, the two main religious communities in British India, drew inspiration from European nationalism. They began to develop the consciousness of modern politics and gradually practiced it on the stage offered by the British Empire. Curzon, Viceroy of British India(1899-1905), put forward a series of reforms, the most controversial one among which was the Bengal Partition of 1905. It ended the stable situation which long lasted after the Mutiny in 1857. Also, it started a new wave of Indian nationalist movement. The Bengal Partition greatly influenced the Indian nationalism.Firstly, the Indian self-consciousness was awakened;secondly, the Indian National Congress grew mature;finally, the mutual hostility between Hindus and Muslims deepened.