实验动物福利的发展与伦理审查

Investigation on the development and ethical review of experimental animals’ welfare

目的医学的进步和医学研究离不开动物实验,实验动物应该得到基本的尊重与关爱。本文旨在梳理国内外实验动物福利的发展历程,为我国实验动物福利保护和伦理审查制度的建设提供参考。方法通过查阅文献,总结分析,结合工作实践中的经验积累,剖析实验动物福利保护方面存在的问题。结果英国、德国、美国等不少国家都颁布了实验动物福利方面的专门法律,我国没有颁布此类法律,但是制定了部门规章。目前还存在医学人员生命伦理意识不强、缺乏相应的认证制度、实验动物伦理审查制度流于形式等问题。本文总结了伦理审查的原则、审查的文件、以及审查的要素。结论保护实验动物是一项系统工程,伦理审查作为动物实验的首要环节,可以起到良好的促进作用。

Objective Animal experiment is indispensible for the progress of medicine and medical research. Experimental animals deserve basic respect and care. This paper reviewed the history and status of the experimental animal welfare nationally and internationally to identify the ethical problems existed in animal experiments, and finally discuss the establishing of ethical review system of experimental animals. Methods According to literature review, as well as summarizing the operating practice in the affiliated hospital of Chengdu university of TCM, this study analyzed the problems in the field of experimental animal welfare protection. Results Many countries, such as Britain, Germany and the United States, have legislation on the welfare of experimental animals. There are no such laws in China while departmental regulations has formulated. At present, the weak cognition of bioethics among medical personnel, lack of corresponding certification system, lack of the ethical review system of laboratory animal are still unsolved problems. This paper summarizes the principles of ethical review, the documents of review and the elements of review. Conclusions The protection of experimental animals is a systematic project, and ethical review as the first link of animal experiments can play a good role in promoting animal experiment.