农业保险保费补贴的央地责任分担:基于区域公平的视角

Central and Local Liability Sharing of Agricultural Insurance premium Subsidy: From the Perspective of Regional Equity

农业保险保费补贴是我国政策性农业保险发展的重要推动力。通过测度各省省级财政的补贴负担率和中央财政补贴对各省农业保障的支持力度,我们发现一些农业大省承担着更大的补贴压力,而中央财政在转移支付的差异化对待上有所不足,结果产生了补贴的区域不公平问题。从性质上看,农业保险保费补贴是由中央和地方财政共同承担的一项事权,因此其支出责任也应该在科学划分的基础上由双方共同承担。结合各省的最新数据,本文基于因素法测算了各省对中央财政转移支付的需求得分以及中央财政对各省转移支付的分配权重,对优化中央和地方财政补贴责任的划分提出了若干建议。

Agricultural insurance premium subsidy is an important driving force for the development of agricultural insurance in China. However,by measuring the subsidy burden rate of provincial finance and the support of central finance to provincial agricultural risk protection, we found that some big agricultural provinces born higher subsidy pressures, and the central finance was inadequate in the differentiated transfer payment, which resulted in the regional inequity of subsidies. The insurance premium subsidy of agricultural insurance is a responsibility shared by the central and local governments, so its expenditure should also be shared by both sides. Based on the factor distribution method,this paper calculated the demand score of each province and the distribution weight of central finance to distribute transfer payment. Finally,it put forward some suggestions to optimize the division between central and local fiscal subsidy responsibility.