美国中小学社会情绪学习新发展:学习标准及课程项目的开发与实施

New Development of Social Emotional Learning in Primary and Secondary Schools in the United States:Development and Implementation of Standards and Curriculum

社会情绪学习正逐步成为美国从幼儿园到高中阶段教育的重要组成部分,旨在促进学生在学校、社会生活及未来工作场所获得成功。为促进及提高社会情绪学习实践,美国多个州开发了社会情绪学习标准,典型的标准框架由标准目标、学习标准、基准及行为描述构成,标准的实施通过学校及各机构和相关组织详细规划、通力合作来完成。学校通过设立独立的课程、将社会情绪学习融入学术课程及学校日常教学实践等多种途径培养学生的社会情绪技能,根据学生在不同年龄段倾向于学习的不同社会情绪技能,遵循发展恰当性、文化相关性、系统性与综合性、循证性及思维前瞻性等原则,开发出了适合不同发展阶段儿童的社会情绪学习课程项目。

Social emotional learning is gradually becoming an important part of the U.S. school education from kindergarten to high school to promote student success in schools,social life,and future workplaces. In order to promote and enhance social emotional learning practice,many American States have developed social emotional learning standards.Typical Social Emotional Learning Standards framework consists of standard objectives,learning standards,benchmarks,and behavioral descriptions. The implementation of standards is the result of detailed planning and coordinated efforts by schools,institutions,and related organizations. American schools cultivate students’ social emotional skills by setting up independent courses,integrating social emotional learning into academic courses and daily teaching practice and so on to promote the development of students’ social emotional ability. According to the different social emotional skills that students tend to learn in different age groups,and following the principles of developmental appropriateness,cultural relevance,systematicness and comprehensiveness,evidence-based and forward-looking thinking,American schools have developed social emotional learning programs for children at different stages of development. The experience of social emotional education in American primary and secondary schools has important implications for the effective implementation of the "mental health education" part of the five major moral education contents in the "Guide to Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools".