德国国家资格框架及其特点

German Qualification Framework and Its Characteristics

德国终身学习国家资格框架作为当前较为完善的国家资历框架,国内不乏学者对此进行研究。从框架结构、水平结构和类型结构三个维度来看,其特点为:不涉及教育领域改革,只是现有各种教育领域资格的综合,功能上具有定向性;以宽泛的能力概念为基础,凸显行为能力;普通教育与职业教育、继续教育与高等教育等值;资格类型齐全、资格数量多,资格表述明确具体、可操作性强,职业资格与学术资格可比;在动态发展中,已扩展到普通教育领域,还将扩展到非正规、非正式学习领域。

As a relatively perfect national qualification framework,German lifelong learning national qualification framework has been studied by many domestic scholars.From the frame structure,level structure and type structure,the paper analyzes national qualification framework of German,and points out its characteristics:Based on existing qualification certificate,directionality in function,no education reform is involved;Based on a loose conceptions of ability,underline the capacity for action;General education and vocational education,continuing education and higher education have equal value;the vocational qualifications have equal value with academic qualifications,not only more types,but also large quantities,and have their own special features:plain narration,operation convenient;in the dynamic process,the national qualifications have expanded into other areas,including the field of the general education,in the future,it will expanded into the field of the informal education.