网约车监管制度的反思理性法设计

Reflexive Law Design of Online Car-hailing Services Supervision System

我国网约车监管所具有的一系列特点决定了其存在下列问题:首先,网约车监管的巨大信息量和工作量使政府部门不堪重负;其次,对于预防性监管,政府部门往往缺乏热情;再次,权力寻租的可能性变大;最后,政府和网约车企业之间缺乏缓冲,政府将与网约车企业共同分担风险。针对上述问题,程序导向的反思理性法理论提供了一种可行的制度设计思路。反思理性法追求的是受规制的自治,即主张通过对被监管者的内部决策和外部协调机制的矫正,实现社会公共责任的内化,社会主体内部管理体系的重塑才是元层面的监管策略。重新设计网约车监管制度对于公共安全和经济发展都具有重要意义,而这一监管体系的核心则是以安全为目的的网约车企业管理体系。

There is a series of characteristics in the regulation of online car-hailing services in China,these characteristics determine the existence of subordinate problems: firstly,the huge amount of information and workload of the supervision make the government departments overwhelmed;secondly,the government departments often lack the motivation for preventive supervision;thirdly,the possibility of power rent-seeking would increase;finally,the government is directly responsible for the supervision,which means the lack of buffer between the government and the network car-hailing companies,and the government shall share the risks with the companies. The reflexive law theory,because of its procedure-orientation strategy and the pursuit of controlling self-regulation,offers a meaningful way to overcome these problems.The theory advocates the internalization of social public responsibility by correcting the internal decision-making and external coordination mechanism of the supervised. According to the logic of reflexive rational law,the remodeling of the internal management system of the social subject is the meta-level supervision strategy. Therefore,it is of great significance to redesign the supervision system of online car-hailing services. The core of this regulatory system is the security-oriented network car-hailing management system.