基于人道主义物流的应急物资调度研究综述与思考

Review and Consideration on Emergency Material Dispatching Based on Humanitarian Logistics

突发事件发生后,人道主义物流应运而生,其作为救灾的核心,目的是保障人道主义救援过程中救援物资的供应,将整个网络的灾害影响控制在最小范围内。应急物资调度效率的高低又是人道主义物流运作能力的主要体现,即采用合理的运输方式及路径对应急物资进行优化调度使得救援行动成效最大。纵观以往的文献,应急物资调度问题主要分为一次性消耗系统和连续性消耗系统两大类。文章在阐述人道主义物流理念及其发展历程和应急物资类别及其特征的基础上,从一次性消耗系统和连续性消耗系统对已有的研究进行了分类,分析了研究的特色与不足。

Humanitarian logistics emerged as the core of disaster relief after the emergencies. Its purpose is to ensure the supply of relief materials in the process of emergency relief,and to minimize the impact of disasters on the entire network.The efficiency of emergency material dispatching is also the main embodiment of the operational ability of humanitarian logistics, that is, to optimize the dispatching of emergency materials by using reasonable transportation modes and routes to maximize the effectiveness of rescue operations. Throughout the past literature, emergency material dispatching problems are mainly divided into two categories: one-time consumption system and continuous consumption system. On the basis of explaining the concept of humanitarian logistics and its development process, as well as the categories and characteristics of emergency materials, this paper classifies the existing research from one-time consumption system and continuous consumption system, and analyses the characteristics and shortcomings of the research.