论琳达·霍根《靠鲸生活的人》中的深层生态学思想

On Deep Ecological Consciousness in Linda Hogan's People of the Whale

作为美国本土裔女作家,琳达·霍根深受印第安传统生态观影响,她倡导一种深层生态的生活方式。在生态小说《靠鲸生活的人》中,霍根详细描写了人与自然关系的发展历程。敬畏生命、尊崇自然的印第安原始部落维持着和谐的生态平衡。在白人文化入侵和战争冲击下,部落遭遇身份危机和生态失衡。居民们通过回归自然、重新认同万物的价值,再次实现人与自然的和谐统一。这三个过程分别与深层生态学中的生物中心主义平等观、人类中心主义思想和生态自我的概念紧密相连。以《靠鲸生活的人》为镜,可见深层生态思想在当下的现实意义,为解决全球生态问题、开创新的生态文明提供新思路。

As an indigenous American woman writer, Linda Hogan’s work is informed by longstanding Native ecological philosophies and traditions. Her work advocates a deep ecology. In her ecological novel People of the Whale, Hogan interrogates the shifting relationship between First Nations people and the natural world. Invasion, war and colonization disrupts traditions that revere life and ecological balance, prompting instead ecological imbalance and identity crises. Yet a reunion of the human and the natural is ultimately achieved through both an immersive return to nature and a renewed respect for all human and non-human entities. These three different human/nature relationships each corresponds to a specific concept: biocentric equality, anthropocentrism, and an ecological selfhood within deep ecology. Via its deep ecology, People of the Whale proffers new solutions to contemporary global environmental catastrophes.