政治思潮变迁下美国义务教育问责制的价值理念及实施模式述评

Review on the Fair Value and the Implementation Modes of the Accountability System of American Compulsory Education beneath the Change of Western Political Thoughts

基于新自由主义、新保守主义等西方政治思潮变迁视角,可以将美国义务教育问责政策及其公平价值观念划分为三个重要时期:新自由主义时期中强调补偿性公平的教育平等问责、新保守主义时期中注重程序性公平的教育效益问责、两种思潮融合时期中追求实质性公平的教育成就问责。不同时期公平价值观念的转向促使教育问责制从资源投入向学业输出、从程序责任向教育责任、从基础性发展向差异性发展等方面转变。由此可以展望,教育问责制将成为美国政府推动社会群体间公平和促进个体充分发展的重要工具,向着"回归分权管理""注重能力建设"和"侧重改善激励"等方面发展。

Under the perspectives of New liberalism and Neo-conservatism, the accountability policy of the American compulsory education could be grouped into three stages, which are, the accountability of the compensation equity in the New liberalism, the accountability of the procedural equity in the Neoconservatism, and the accountability of substantive equity in the two thoughts. The transition of the fair perception urges the changes of accountability from resource input to learning output, from procedural responsibility to educational responsibility and from fundamental development to diverse development.Therefore, this article expects the accountability should become an instrument of promoting equity among social groups for the U.S government, and develop towards "deregulation","competence-building orientation"and "motivation-driven emphasis".