社交焦虑障碍大学生对愤怒、厌恶面孔的注意偏向成分分析

Analysis on components of attentional bias on anger and disgust emotional faces in college students with social anxiety disorders

目的分析社交焦虑障碍大学生对愤怒、厌恶两种负性情绪面孔的注意偏向成分。方法采用交往焦虑量表(IAS)进行初筛后使用DSM-V进行临床诊断,将符合纳入标准的研究对象分为社交焦虑障碍组(SAD组)和健康对照组(HC组),使用Koster改进的点探测范式,试验设计为2(组别:SAD组、HC组)×2(情绪类别:愤怒、厌恶)混合设计,比较两组对愤怒、厌恶不同情绪面孔的注意偏向差异。结果SAD组在愤怒面孔条件下,对与负性面孔位置相同或不相同的探测目标的反应时分别为(369.7±53.0)ms、(447.2±54.3)ms,而厌恶条件下分别为(429.6±70.2)ms、(444.2±55.8)ms,SAD组对两种面孔均存在注意偏向(t=24.15和2.45,P<0.05)。HC组在愤怒面孔条件下对一致条件与不一致条件探测目标的反应时分别为(466.9±40.0)ms、(483.8±43.8)ms,HC组对愤怒面孔存在注意偏向(t=6.58,P<0.01),但对厌恶面孔探测目标反应时分别为(493.8±43.6)ms与(498.0±46.7)ms,不存在注意偏向(t=1.65,P=0.108)。SAD组对愤怒面孔的注意定向速度显著快于HC组(F=19.26,P<0.01),两组对愤怒面孔定位速度快于厌恶面孔(F=101.66和8.00,P<0.05)。在愤怒面孔条件下,与HC组相比,SAD组对负性情绪面孔的注意解除能力更弱(F=8.66,P=0.004)。结论大学生社交焦虑障碍者对愤怒、厌恶面孔均存在注意偏向,表现为对愤怒面孔的注意定向加速和注意解除困难。

Objective To analyze the components of attentional bias on anger and disgust emotional faces in college students with social anxiety disorder. Methods DSM-V was used for clinical diagnosis after the initial screening with Interaction Anxiousness Scale. The subjects meet the inclusion criteria were divided into social anxiety disorder group (SAD group) and healthy control group (HC group). Koster's improved dot-probe paradigm was used in a 2 (group: SAD group, HC group)×2 (emotion categories: anger, disgust) mixed-design experiment, and the different characteristics of attentional bias between the two groups on different emotional faces were compared. Results In SAD group, under the condition of angry faces, the response times to the probe targets with the same or different positions from the negative faces were (369.7±53.0)ms and (447.2±54.3)ms, while the response times were (429.6±70.2)ms and (444.2±55.8)ms under the condition of disgust faces, and the SAD group showed attentional bias towards both anger and disgust faces (t=24.15 and 2.45, P<0.05). Under the condition of anger faces, the response time of HC group to the consistent and inconsistent position of probe target were (466.9±40.0)ms and (483.8±43.8) ms, and the HC group had an attentional bias towards anger faces(t=6.58, P<0.05). The response time under disgust faces was (493.8±43.6)ms and (498.0±46.7)ms in HC group, and did not show an attentional bias towards disgust(t=1.65, P=0.108). The scores of attentional orientation to anger faces in SAD group were significantly higher than those in the HC group(F=19.26, P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups towards disgust faces(F=0.02, P=0.897). Compared with disgust faces, the attentional orientation to anger faces was faster in both HC and SAD groups (F=101.66 and 8.00, P<0.05). Compared with the HC group, the SAD group had an impaired attentional disengagement from anger faces(F=8.66, P=0.004). Conclusion The students with social anxiety disorder have attentional bias towards both anger and disgust facial expressions, which manifested as facilitated attentional orientation and impaired attentional disengagement to anger faces.