高动机情绪对面孔识别整体加工影响的事件相关电位研究

Face holistic processing is modulated by high-motivation intensity: an event-related potential study

目的探讨高动机情绪背景对面孔整体加工的影响及其神经机制。方法26名被试在三种情绪图片(美食、中性、恐惧)启动条件下执行组合面孔任务。结果(1)行为学研究显示,情绪类型与面孔组合形式交互作用显著[F(2,50)=5.37,P=0.008,η^2=0.18]。在中性情绪条件下出现组合面孔效应:被试对错开面孔的辨别准确率[(90.21±11.20)%]显著高于对齐面孔[(84.83±11.20)%](t(25)=3.95,P=0.001)。在高动机情绪条件下组合面孔效应消失:即在高动机消极情绪条件下被试对错开面孔[(87.88±10.28)%]和对齐面孔[(85.12±8.81)%]的辨别准确率差异无统计学意义(t(25)=1.93,P=0.065);在高动机积极情绪条件下被试对错开面孔[(87.92±11.00)%]和对齐面孔[(88.33±8.89)%]的辨别准确率差异无统计学意义(t(25)=0.263,P=0.795)。(2)ERP结果显示:P3成分上情绪类型和面孔组合形式交互作用显著(F(2,50)=3.23,P=0.048,η^2=0.12)。中性情绪条件下,对齐面孔[(3.46±1.26)μV]产生的P3波幅显著大于错开面孔[(2.82±1.43)μV](F(1,25)=5.28,P=0.03,η^2=0.17);高动机消极条件下,对齐面孔[(3.21±1.16)μV]和错开面孔[(3.07±1.22)μV]产生的P3波幅差异无统计学意义(F(1,25)=0.53,P=0.476);高动机积极情绪条件下,对齐面孔[(3.33±1.20)μV]和错开面孔[(3.42±1.40)μV]产生的P3波幅差异也无统计学意义(F(1,25)=0.23,P=0.638)。结论面孔加工与情绪加工之间具有高度关联性,揭示了情绪的动机性对面孔加工有更强的影响。无论情绪效价如何,高动机情绪都能引起局部注意偏向并降低面孔整体加工,且主要表现在晚期认知加工阶段。

Objective To investigate the influence of high-motivated affect background on the holistic face processing and its neural mechanism. Methods Totally 26 subjects were instructed to perform composite-face process under the priming condition of three emotional pictures(food, neutral and fear). Results (1)Behavioral studies showed a significant interaction between emotion type and face combination(F(2, 50)=5.37, P=0.008). Composite-face effect was observed in neutral emotional condition due to the fact that the recognition accuracy of the misaligned face((90.21±11.20)%) was significantly higher than that of the aligned face((84.83±11.20)%, t(25)=3.95, P=0.001). However, the composite-face effect disappeared under the condition of high-motivated emotion. That is, there was no significant difference in the recognition accuracy of the misaligned faces ((87.88±10.28)%) and aligned faces((85.12±8.81)%, t(25)=1.93, P=0.065) under the condition of high-motivated negative emotion. Under the condition of high-motivated positive emotion, there was also no significant difference in the recognition accuracy between the misaligned faces((87.92±11.00)%) and aligned faces((88.33±8.89)%, t(25)=0.263, P=0.795).(2)According to the results of ERP, P3 components showed significant interaction between emotion type and face combination form(F(2, 50)=3.23, P=0.048). Under the neutral emotional condition, the P3 amplitude of aligned faces((3.46±1.26)μV) was significantly higher than that of misaligned faces((2.82±1.43)μV, F(1, 25)=5.28, P=0.03). In the case of high-motivated negative condition, there was no significant difference in P3 amplitude between aligned faces((3.21±1.16)μV) and misaligned faces((3.07±1.22)μV, F(1, 25)=0.53, P=0.476). The P3 amplitude of aligned faces((3.33±1.20)μV) and misaligned faces((3.42±1.40)μV) were also not significantly different under the condition of high-motivated positive affect(F(1, 25)=0.23, P=0.638). Conclusion The study shows a high correlation between face processing and emotional processing.Additionally, the emotional motivation has a stronger influence on face processing. Regardless of the emotional valence, high-motivated intensity affect can cause local attention bias and reduce the holistic processing level of the face, which is mainly manifested in the later cognitive processing stage.