高校大学生自伤行为与父母教养方式的关系

Self-injurious behavior among college students and its association with parental rearing styles

目的了解高校大学生自伤行为与父母养育方式的关系,为青少年自伤行为的识别、预防和发生提供理论基础。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对芜湖市3所高校共3 683名大学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括自伤行为量表、父母教养方式评价量表和基本人口学情况。结果高校大学生1～2次自伤行为的报告率为30.4%,3次及以上的报告率为11.8%,自伤行为在性别(χ~2=76.98)、院校类型(χ~2=153.71)、父(母)亲的职业类型(χ~2值分别为16.88,13.40)、主要照顾者(χ~2=13.79)和与父(母)亲的关系(χ~2值分别为为47.48,40.01)间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,医学类院校、父亲过度保护、母亲偏爱被试与自伤行为正性相关(OR=2.05,95%CI=1.64～2.55;OR=1.13,95%CI=1.06～1.20;OR=1.05,95%CI=1.01～1.09)。结论女性、医学类专业大学生更容易发生自伤行为,父母教养方式与高校大学生自伤行为有关联。父母应加强与子女的沟通和给予适当的情感温暖体验,构建良好的家庭环境,减少自伤行为的发生。

Objective To examine epidemiology of self-injurious behavior and explore the association between self-injurious behavior and parental rearing styles, to provide the theoretical basis for the identification, prevention and occurrence of the self-injurious behaviors among adolescents. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to survey 3 683 students from three colleges in Wuhu and Huainan by using questionnaire response. Egna Minnen avBarn-dosnauppforstran(EMBU) and demographic characteristics were used by college students to assess their self-injurious behavior and parental rearing styles. Results For college students, the detection rate of reporting of 1-2 self-injurious behavior was 30.4%, and the rate of reporting of 3 or more self-injurious behavior was 11.8%. In terms of the occurrences of self-injurious behavior, gender(χ^2=76.98), classification of colleges and universities(χ^2=153.71) and the relationship with father(χ^2=47.48) and with mother(χ^2=40.01) were markedly different(P<0.05). Correlation and regression analysis indicated that the risks leading to self-injurious behavior were involved in medical students, overprotection from father and preference from mother(OR=2.05, 95%CI=1.64-2.55;OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.06-1.20;OR=1.05, 95%CI=1.01-1.09). Conclusion Female students and medical students can be inclined to self-injurious behavior. Parental rearing styles were related to the self-injurious behaviors of college students. Strengthening interaction between students and parents, providing appropriate emotional warmth as well as encouraging the establishment of a good family atmosphere may reduce the occurrence of self-injurious behavior in current college students.