嘉兴市15～24岁青少年HIV病例特征分析

Analysis of characteristics of HIV cases aged 15-24 in Jiaxing City

目的了解嘉兴市15～24岁青少年艾滋病病毒(HIV)病例的流行特征,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学的研究方法,对1999—2018年嘉兴市发现的15～24岁青少年HIV病例的相关资料进行分析。结果 1999—2018年累计报告375例青少年HIV病例,平均年龄(21.29±1.90)岁,其中在校学生42例;男、女性别比例为2.47∶1;外地户籍比例较高,占76%(285例)。校外青少年病例占总病例的比例呈下降趋势(χ■=8.26,P=0.00),但学生病例所占比例呈上升趋势(χ■=15.73,P<0.01)。校外青少年病例以异性传播为主,占59.16%(197例),在校学生病例以同性传播为主,占88.10%(37例)。学生和校外青少年病例在性别、年龄、户籍、文化程度、传播途径、晚发现情况、首次CD4水平和检测来源等方面差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论艾滋病疫情在青少年人群、特别是在校学生人群中的流行值得关注,校内外青少年HIV病例感染特征有所不同。应采取针对性的防治措施减少艾滋病对该人群的危害。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and differences of HIV-positive cases among 15-24 years old in Jiaxing city and provide evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of HIV cases aged 15-24 reported in Jiaxing from 1999 to 2018. Results A total of 375 cases of young HIV were reported in 1999-2018, with an average age of 21.29±1.90 years, of which 42 were students. The ratio of male to female was 2.47∶1. The proportion of foreign household registration was higher(76%, 285 cases). The proportion of off-campus youth cases in total cases showed a downward trend(χ^2=8.26, P=0.00), but the proportion of student cases showed an upward trend(χ^2=15.73, P<0.01). Off-campus youth cases were mainly heterosexual transmission(59.16%, 197 cases), and the students’ cases were mainly homosexual transmission(88.10%, 37 cases). There were significant differences in gender, age, household registration, education level, route of transmission, late detection, CD4 level and source of detection among students and off-campus adolescents(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of AIDS in adolescents and students is worthy of attention. The characteristics of adolescents inside and outside the school are different. Targeted prevention measures should be taken to reduce the harm of AIDS to young people.