2种萱草属植物花器官自然衰老的阶段划分及抗氧化指标的变化

Phase Division of Natural Senescence of Flower Organs and Changes of Antioxidant Index in Two Hemerocallis Species

以黄花菜品种茄子花和大花萱草品种宿迁3号2个萱草属植物为试材,研究其花器官在自然衰老过程中的阶段划分,以及外瓣、内瓣、雄蕊和雌蕊等不同部位干鲜质量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果表明,2种植物在花蕾阶段划分出初蕾期、中蕾期和成蕾期3个时期,开花阶段划分出开口期、初开期、盛开期、始衰期、衰败期和落花期6个时期。随着花器官的不断衰老,2种植物花器官不同部位干鲜质量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。2个品种外瓣、内瓣、雄蕊丙二醛(MDA)含量在蕾期总体呈现下降趋势,进入花期后总体呈先下降后上升的趋势,而雌蕊与之相反。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性方面,随花器官不断衰老,茄子花和宿迁3号外瓣和内瓣变化趋势基本相同,呈先升高、后下降、再上升、最后下降的趋势,茄子花的雄蕊呈先下降再上升后下降的趋势,宿迁3号变化趋势与之相反;茄子花雌蕊总体呈上升趋势,宿迁3号雌蕊呈先下降再上升后缓慢下降的趋势。过氧化物酶(POD)活性方面,随花器官不断衰老,茄子花外瓣和内瓣总体变化趋势基本一致,呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势;雄蕊总体呈下降趋势;雌蕊呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势;在宿迁3号中,外瓣和内瓣变化趋势基本相同,呈先上升后下降再上升最后缓慢下降的趋势,雄蕊总体呈先上升后下降的趋势;雌蕊总体呈先下降后上升趋势。可以看出,在萱草花自然发育过程中,萱草花器官不同部位存在不同的自然衰老过程,研究可为制定黄花菜的合理采收时期提供生产指导,同时为研究萱草属植物开花机制提供一定的理论依据。

The two daylily cultivars, Qiezihua and Suqian 3, were used to study the stage division of flower organs during natural senescence, and the changes of dry and fresh quality, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in different parts of outer petal, inner petal, stamen and pistil. The results showed that the two plants could be divided into three stages in the bud stage: initial bud stage, middle bud stage and budding stage. The flowering stage could be divided into six stages: opening stage, initial bud stage, blooming stage, initial decay stage, decay stage and falling flower stage. The dry and fresh quality of different parts of flower organs of the two plants increased first and then decreased with the senescence of flower organs. The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in outer and inner petals, stamen of two cultivars showed a downward trend in the bud stage and a downward and upward trend in the flowering stage, whereas pistils showed the opposite trend. In the aspect of superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, Qiezihua and Suqian 3 had the same trend of change in outer and inner petals, showed the trend of first rising, then falling, then rising, and finally falling with the senescence of flower organs. The stamens of Qiezihua showed the trend of first decreasing, then rising and then declining, while the change trend of Suqian 3 was contrary. The pistils of Qiezihua generally showed an upward trend, and Suqian 3 showed a trend of first declining, then rosing and then slowly declining. In terms of peroxidase(POD) activity, the overall change trend of outer and inner petals of Qiezihua was basically the same, showing the trend of first decreasing, then rising, then declining, stamens showed the overall downward trend, pistils showed the trend of first decreasing, then rising, then declining with the senescence of flower organs. In Suqian 3, the change trend of outer and inner petals was basically the same, showing the trend of first rising, then declining, then rising, and finally slowly declining. The change trend of Suqian 3 stamens increased first and then decreased while pistils decreased first and then increased. It can be seen that in the natural development process of Hemerocallis, there are different natural aging processes in different parts of the organs of Hemerocallis. This study provides production guidance for the rational harvesting period of Hemerocallis, and provides a theoretical basis for the study of flowering mechanism of Hemerocallis.