灌木玉兰引种栽培及其适应性评价

Cultivation and Adaptability Evaluation of the Shrubs Magnolia

通过对从美国引进的2个灌木玉兰品种简爱和贝蒂的植物学特性、物候期、生长发育情况和抗逆性等的观察和分析,评价其引种适应性。结果表明,简爱和贝蒂玉兰叶片表面有光泽,嫩叶顶端略带铜红色,秋天叶片颜色变黄色或铜红色,与对照品种紫玉兰相比,当年生枝条的叶片较大,长15～20 cm,宽8～10 cm,而多年生枝条的叶片较小,长5～15 cm,宽3～8 cm;杯状大花,花瓣外面为紫色,里面为粉白色,简爱的花瓣边缘光滑,贝蒂的花瓣边缘波状扭曲;简爱和贝蒂的花期、展叶期和落叶期均较晚,平均分别比对照紫玉米晚14,20,3 d,生长速度较慢,在5月底时生长速度达到最快;简爱和贝蒂抗逆性差,叶片易发生炭疽病,发病率分别为30%和50%,越冬枝条易死亡,死亡率达5%。因此,在引种灌木玉兰时,应做好病虫害防治工作,夏季喷灌或增加浇水次数,冬季放入温室或拱棚进行越冬保护,以提高灌木玉兰的引种成功率。

The adaptability of two varieties of the shrubs Magnolia introduced from the United States is evaluated by observing and analyzing the botany characteristics, phenological period, growth and development and stress resistance. The results show that compared with Magnolia liliiflora, Magnolia. Jane and Magnolia Betty have higher ornamental value, the surface of leaves is shiny, and the tip of the young leaves is slightly reddish-brown, in autumn, the colour becomes yellow or copper red, the leaves of the branches of the year are larger, long is 15-20 cm and wide is 8-10 cm, while the leaves of perennial branches are smaller, long is 5-15 cm and wide is 3-8 cm. The cupped flowers are large, purple outside the petals, pink white inside, the petals edge of Magnolia Jane is smooth, but the Magnolia Betty is slightly distorted. Compared with Magnolia liliiflora, the periods of flowering, leaf-expansion and defoliation of Magnolia Jane and Magnolia Betty are relatively late, the average delay of 14, 20, 3 d, respectively. Magnolia Jane and Magnolia Betty have a slower growth rate, with the fastest growth rate in May. The shrubs Magnolia is produced in North America, the regional differences are large, Magnolia Jane and Magnolia Betty have poor resistance, the leaves are prone to anthrax, the incidence rates are 30% and 50%, respectively, during the winter, the branches are easy to freeze, mortality rate of 5%. Therefore, when introducing the shrubs Magnolia, the prevention and control of pests and diseases should be done well, it also should be sprinkled or increased times of watering in summer, and placed in greenhouses or arch shed in winter, in order to improve the introduction success rate of the shrubs Magnolia.