材料生物学——骨修复材料的机遇与挑战

Materiobiology——Opportunities and Challenges for Bone Regenerative Biomaterials

材料与宿主微环境之间的相互作用直接影响骨修复的过程和质量。由于对材料在体内微环境中的生物学效应、修复过程及作用机理不清楚,导致目前大部分材料的修复效果不理想,难以达到真正的"骨性融合",临床应用受限。因此,弄清材料在骨修复过程中的生物学效应及其发生规律迫在眉睫。综述了骨修复材料在植入体内后产生的免疫调控效应、与体内生长因子的协同效应、以及血管化效应等一些新的生物学效应,指出了材料在体内所处的环境并非静止的,而是动态变化的,材料参数改变体内微环境,进而影响再生过程;同时,微环境也影响了材料的转归命运。聚焦材料生物学研究,揭示材料在生命活动中的作用机制和规律,将是未来组织修复材料的发展趋势。

The interaction between materials and host microenvironment directly affects the process and quality of bone repair.Due to the unclear biological effects,repair process and mechanism of materials in the host microenvironment,the repair effects of most materials are not satisfying.It is difficult to achieve real “bony fusion”,so its clinical application is limited.Therefore,it is urgent to find out the biological effects of materials,as well as their occurring rules and mechanisms.This paper describes some novel biological effects of biomaterials after implantation into body,such as immunomodulatory effect,synergistic effect with growth factors,and angiogenesis effect.We pointed out that the implanted material exists in the dynamic host microenvironment rather than the static environment.As a result,the changes of material parameters lead to the alteration in the microenvironment,thus affecting regeneration process.On the other hand,the microenvironment also affects the fate of materials.It is suggested that the future trend of tissue regenerative materials is to focus on the study of materiobiology and reveal the mechanism and rule of materials in life activities.