安宁河中游底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ITS RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE MIDDLE ANNING RIVER

为了解安宁河底栖动物群落结构及其影响因素,分别于丰水期(2015年7、8月)和枯水期(2016年1、2月)开展了安宁河中游干支流底栖动物的2次调查,并于2015年7月至2016年6月进行安宁河支流的周年调查。共检出底栖动物5门115属122种,其中水生昆虫居多(109种)。干流丰、枯水期底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于支流,丰水期干支流底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于枯水期。安宁河支流全年优势种为四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、蚋(Simulium sp.)、高翔蜉(Epeorus sp.)、花翅蜉(Baetiella sp.)、扁襀(Peltoperlidae spp.)和小蜉(Ephemerella sp.)。安宁河支流底栖动物密度以12月最高, 7月最低;生物量以1月最高, 7月最低。典范对应分析(CCA)分析结果显示,影响丰水期安宁河底栖动物分布的关键环境因子为底质类型和海拔,影响枯水期底栖动物分布的主要环境因子为流速、海拔和水温;影响安宁河支流底栖动物群落结构周年变化的主要环境因子为水温与电导。研究为高海拔地区河流生物多样性研究和保护提供科学参考。

To understand the structure and its driving factors of macroinvertebrate community, two surveys were con- ducted in the Anning River and its tributaries in wet season (July and August 2016) and dry season (January and Februa- ry 2016). Furthermore, sampling was also performed monthly from July 2015 to June 2016 in the tributaries of the An- ning River. As a result, a total of 122 species of macroinvertebrates were collected, which belonged to 115 genera of 5 phyla. Among them, aquatic insects (109 species) were dominant taxa. The densities and biomass of macroinvertebrate community were much higher in the tributaries than those in the mainstream both in the wet and dry seasons, and were much higher in the dry season than those in the wet season both in the mainstream and tributaries. All through the year, the dominant species in the tributaries were Baetis sp., Simulium sp., Epeorus sp., Baetiella sp., Peltoperlidae spp. and Ephemerella sp. Temporal variability of macroinvertebrates showed that the highest density was in December and the lowest one in July;while the highest biomass was in January and the lowest one in July. Canonical correspondences analysis (CCA) indicated that substrate type and altitude were the key factors driving the macroinvertebrate distribu- tion in the wet season, whereas flow velocity, altitude and water temperature were the significant driving factors in the dry season. In addition, monthly variations of macroinvertebrate structure in the tributaries were relative to the ecolo- gical factors such as water temperature and conductivity. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for the studies and conservation of biodiversity in high altitude areas.