军用汽车多点悬置设计研究

Research on Multi-Point Elastic Support Suspension in Military Vehicles

军用车辆上装厢体多与车架固接,使得上装厢体的平顺性差。提出在上装厢体与车架之间多点布置悬置的方法,以改善上装厢体的平顺性。将某军用运输车辆振动系统简化为十三自由度模型,并利用拉格朗日方程法建立了车辆的振动方程。首先根据具体车型,确定悬置元件的安装位置和安装方式,设计符合实际应用的悬置结构,并选用金属橡胶作为悬置的弹性阻尼元件。以各元件的刚度和阻尼为设计参数,在多种路况条件下,综合上装厢体垂向加速度、俯仰角度和侧倾角度以及驾驶员座椅处垂向加速度为加权优化目标,采用改进的粒子群算法进行参数寻优计算。根据所设计的悬置结构和计算所得金属橡胶元件参数,试制悬置样件,经样件装车台架实验表明,所设计的弹性支撑悬置能够有效降低上装厢体的垂向、俯仰和侧倾振动,同时,对驾驶员座椅处的垂向振动影响不大。

The rigidly connection between upper-equipmentand frame of military vehicle causes poor riding comfort of the upper-equipment. To improve the riding comfort of the upper-equipment,a method of placing suspensions between the upper-equipment and the frame is proposed. Based on a military transportation vehicle,a simplified 13 degree of freedom(DOF)modelis establishedby using the Lagrange equation method. Firstly,the position and shape of the proposed suspension components are determined according to the specific structure of vehicle frame. Then the structure of suspensionaccording to the practical applications is designed. In this research,metal rubber is selected as the suspension elastic damping element.Secondly,by using the improved swarm optimization method,the stiffness and damping of each suspensionbeing designed can be solved to optimum targets,which is weighted sum of root-mean-square value of the vertical acceleration,pitching angle and roll angle of the upper-equipment and the vertical acceleration at the driver’s seat. Finally,a prototype suspension of the metal-rubber with optimized stiffness and damping parameters was manufactured and equipped on vehicle. The results of bench test show that the designed suspension can decrease the vertical,pitch and roll vibration of the upper-equipment and have less of effect on the vertical vibration at the driver’s seat.