论李斯《督责书》与法家思想之异

Differences betweenIdeas in Du Ze Shu by LI Si and Pre-Qin Legalism Thoughts

李斯《督责书》与先秦法家思想有重要差异,长期以来却未受到应有重视。李斯《督责书》的"督责论"阉割了法家形名论,"深督轻罪"观念与法家的"刑罚观"有别,"拒谏"主张是对法家相关观点的歪曲,"纵欲"主张与法家要求君主"节欲"相反。李斯《督责书》忽略、甚至歪曲了法家思想的合理成份,表面上是张申、韩之说,实则尽歪曲之能事,对后世人们正确理解先秦法家思想产生了无法挽回的误导作用。

It has long been ignored that there are some differences between ideas in Du Ze Shu by LI Si and the Pre-Qin legalism thoughts. These differences include: the "du ze"claim in Du Ze Shu revised "xing-ming"of legalism,the claim of "severe punishment upon misdemeanors"is different from "penalty"of legalism,the "rejecting admonition"claim is a distortion of legalism thoughts and LI’s advocating"indulgence"is exactly contrary to legalists’ claim of abstinence. It is safe,therefore,to say that instead of promoting the ideas of Shen Buhai and Han Fei,Du Ze Shu has,in fact,distorted legalism thoughts and consequently has an irreversibly misleading impact on later interpretation of Pre-Qin legalism thoughts.