用于质子交换膜燃料电池的高温无机质子传导材料研究进展

Progress in high temperature inorganic proton conduction materials used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

质子交换膜是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的核心部件,其主要作用是传导质子。无机质子传导材料作为一种新型的质子传导介质,近年来逐渐引起了人们的关注。本文主要介绍了小分子磷酸、无机沸石材料、固体酸和无机氧化物陶瓷材料等几种高温无机质子传导材料,并对它们的性能和特点进行了评述。主要结论如下:小分子磷酸质子传导率高,但是容易泄露;无机沸石材料化学稳定性好,但质子传导率尚有提高的空间;无机氧化物陶瓷材料力学性能和化学温度性能均很好,但质子传导率相对较低;固体酸质子传导率优异,高温稳定性也好,是最有希望在PEMFC中获得推广应用的材料。

Proton exchange membrane is the core component used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC). In recent years, inorganic proton conduction materials have attracted more and more attention because of their good performance at high temperature. Small molecular phosphoric acid,inorganic zeolite, solid acid, and inorganic ceramic oxide were introduced in this paper. It was concluded that small molecule phosphoric acid has higher conductivity, but it is easy to leak out. Inorganic zeolite material has good chemical stability but the proton conductivity still needs to increase. Inorganic oxide ceramic material has good mechanical properties and chemical performance, yet the proton conductivity is also relatively low. Among them, the solid acid, has the best proton conductivity and high temperature stability, and thus is considered to be the most promising material for PEMFC applications.