聚乙二醇/氧化锑锡纳米复合纤维结构及保温透气性能

Structure, thermal insulation and air permeability of PVA/ATO nanocomposite fiber

功能户外防护材料中热能管理是一个重要的方面。对于功能织物开发而言,大都采用涂层后整理技术,但是其功能性和透气性的平衡是关键。本文以静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙二醇/氧化锑锡(PVA/ATO)纳米复合纤维膜,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)对纳米复合纤维进行了表征,并对PVA/ATO/黏胶热轧复合材料的保温性能及透气性进行了测试。结果表明:PVA中ATO具有良好的分散性,部分ATO纳米颗粒镶嵌在纤维表面。PVA/ATO/黏胶热轧复合材料的保温率相对于基材黏胶热轧布提高了28.9%,达到37.1%,相应传热系数为12.62W/m^2·℃,克罗值0.32。ATO纳米颗粒的加入可以直接改善PVA纳米纤维膜的堆积结构,使得PVA/ATO/黏胶热轧复合材料的透气性相对于PVA/黏胶热轧复合材料有明显提高,但趋势随纳米纤维层厚度的增加而降低。PVA/ATO纳米复合膜可以复合到多种基材上,从而为基于纳米纤维功能材料开发保温透气功能提供了思路。

Thermal management in functional outdoor protective materials is one of the important aspects. For functional fabric development, coating finishing technique is one of commonly used methods,but the balance between functionality and breathability is the key point. The novel polyvinye alcohol/antimony-doped tin oxide(PVA/ATO) nano-composite fiber mats were designed by using electrospinning process. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) were applied to characterize the properties and structure of the mats. Thermal insulation property and air permeability of PVA/ATO/viscose wet-laid laminated functional materials were also tested and evaluated. Results showed that ATO particles were well dispersed in the PVA matrix and some mosaic particles were found on the nanofiber surface. The warmth retention of PVA/ATO/viscose laminated functional materials was 28.9% higher than that of pure viscose wet-laid nonwoven, reaching 37.1%, corresponding heat transfer coefficient of 12.62 W/m^2·℃and CLO value of 0.32. The addition of ATO nano-particles can directly improve the stacking structure of PVA/ATO nanofiber mat, making the permeability of PVA/ATO/viscose laminated functional materials significantly higher than that of PVA/viscose laminated materials, but the trend decreased with the increase of the thickness of PVA/ATO nano-composite fiber layers. The PVA/ATO nano-composite fiber mats can be composited on a variety of substrates, providing an idea for the development of thermal insulation and ventilation based on nanofiber functional materials.