汉英双宾结构分析——类型学视角

On Chinese and English Double Object Construction——A Typological Perspective

受语言经济性和像似性原则的驱动,汉英双及物构式V-O-DAT(DAT为附置词短语形式的与事或夺事)普遍存在向双宾构式V-O_1-O_2转换的可能性,文章在前人研究基础上证明是"轻述谓成分前移"原则驱动DAT移位。在特定的语义和句法条件下,DAT中的附置词呈现"必有"、"可有"和"必无"三种句法分布可能,O_1是省略了附置词的DAT。文章分析了DAT移位的动因及句法实现过程,并重新界定了双宾结构的性质,证明O_1具有述谓功能,V-O_1为动补结构。

Driven by economy and iconicity principles,the Chinese and English ditransitive construction V-O-DAT is possible to transform to V-DAT-O construction(DAT is short for adpositional phrases that refer to beneficiaries or maleficiaries in ditransitive constructions),which is motivated by the“Light Predicate Raising”principle.Affected by certain semantic and syntactic factors,the adposition in V-DAT-O becomes sometimes optional,sometimes obligatory,or sometimes gone.When the adposition is gone,V-DAT-O becomes V-O1-O2,which is actually the traditional double-object construction.This paper analyzes the transformation from V-O-DAT to V-DAT/O1-O,redefines the nature of V-O1,and proves that V-O1 is V-R(R refers to result)constructions.