新疆吐哈盆地甜瓜种植农户规模经济效益分析

Analysis of Scale Economies Effect of Melon Planting Farmers in Turpan and Hami Basin of Xinjiang

通过对吐哈盆地中吐鲁番市和哈密市2012～2017年不同生产规模的甜瓜种植农户生产甜瓜的投入成本与产值进行分析,拟合不同种植规模的C-D生产函数,得到以下结论:(1)吐哈盆地甜瓜种植区包括吐鲁番市和哈密市。2012～2017年吐鲁番市甜瓜种植面积和总产量增长迅速,主产区为高昌区、鄯善县和托克逊县;播种方式以育苗和露地直播为主;生产技术以双膜栽培嫁接、育苗移栽为主,并结合拱棚栽培。2012～2017年哈密市甜瓜种植面积略有减少,总产量略有增加;播种方式以育苗、直播相结合为主;生产方式以露地栽培为主。(2)生产规模为1.0～2.0 hm^2(含)的农户投入产出比最高(1.74),生产规模≤1.0 hm^2和>2.0 hm^2的农户投入产出比均低于平均水平(1.38)。(3) 3种生产规模下,农户在实际生产中的投入成本均是边际递减效应。不同规模条件下,不同生产要素的产出弹性系数差异较大。

As a cash crop,melon is important for farmers in Turpan-Hami Basin.The input cost and output value of different production scales of melon planting farmers in Turpan and Hami from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed.The results showed that the planting area and total production in Turpan increased quickly,and the main producing areas included Gaochang District,Shanshan County and Toksun County.The sowing ways were mainly grow seedlings and direct seeding.The cultivation techniques were grafting covered with double film,seedling transplanting,and planting in plastic tunnel.The planting area in Hami slightly reduced,while the total yield increased.The sowing ways combined grow seedlings with direct seeding.The production were mainly in open field.The input-output ratio of farmers with 1.0-2.0 hm^2(included)was the highest(1.74),that of farmers with less than 1.0 hm^2 and more than 2.0 hm^2 was lower than the average(1.38).In the three production scales,the input cost existed the marginal diminishing effect.The output elastic coefficients of different production factors had great differences.