南极冰鱼科鱼类摄食生态学研究进展

FEEDING ECOLOGY OF ANTARCTIC ICEFISHES (FAMILY CHANNICHTHYIDAE): A REVIEW

南极冰鱼科鱼类多为南大洋优势鱼种,在南极海洋生态系统的物质循环与能量流动中起着重要的作用,其中一些也是该海域主要的商业捕捞对象。目前,对于其中具有较高商业价值的鱼种,尤其是裘氏鳄头冰鱼(Champsocephalus gunnari)、威氏棘冰鱼(Chaenodraco wilsoni)以及南乔治亚拟冰鱼(Pseudochaenichthys georgianus)等已有较多的研究,这些研究集中在年龄与生长、分布等方面,关于南极冰鱼科鱼类营养动力学的研究较为零散,且多集中在少数几种南极冰鱼种类上,这限制了从整体上理解南极冰鱼科鱼类在南大洋生态系统功能中发挥的作用。为此,本文总结了国内外对南极冰鱼食物组成、摄食机制、摄食差异性的研究工作,并对今后开展南极冰鱼摄食生态学研究工作提出了展望。相关结果可为国内外学者开展相关研究提供基础信息,并进一步为开展该科鱼类摄食生态学研究提供科学思路。

The Antarctic icefishes(family Channichthyidae)are among the dominant species in the Southern Ocean.This group plays a significant role in material circulation and energy flow in the marine ecosystems of the Southern Ocean,and some species are main targets of commercial fishing in the area.Currently,channichthyids have a high commercial value,especially the mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari,spiny icefish Chaenodraco wilsoni,and South Georgia icefish Pseudochaenichthys georgianus,and some have been studied widely.Most studies of channichthyids have focused on age,growth and distribution,and scarce information has been collected on their trophodynamics;furthermore,most research has concerned only commercial species,which hampers our comprehensive understanding of the role of icefishes in the Southern Ocean ecosystem.The present work reviews the available literature on the feeding mechanisms,food composition,and feeding habits of channichthyids,and the prospects for future research.The findings of this review provide basic information useful for regional and international researchers to carry out related research,hopefully motivating further studies on the feeding ecology of channichthyids.