胆汁酸的营养生理作用及代谢调控研究进展

Recent Progress in Nutrition Physiology Role and Metabolism Regulation of Bile Acids

胆汁酸(BA)是由胆固醇在肝脏代谢产生的具有两性分子结构的化合物,对营养物质的消化吸收代谢和动物健康均有重要作用。一方面,BA通过其洗涤特性促进食物中脂类和脂溶性维生素的消化吸收,同时,BA还可以激活法尼醇X受体(FXR)、G蛋白偶联BA受体1(GPBAR1)和维生素D受体(VDR),从而在糖代谢、脂类代谢、免疫调节和BA稳态调节方面发挥重要作用;另一方面,由于高浓度的BA特别是疏水性强的BA表现出细胞毒性,妊娠期肝脏内胆汁淤积被认为是导致胎儿宫内发育迟缓、宫内窘迫症、早产甚至死亡的重要因素。本文简要介绍了BA的分类、BA的营养生理功能、BA稳态及营养对BA稳态的调节,以期为动物营养研究及动物生产调控提供新的视觉和参考。

Bile acids(BA)are amphipathic structure compound derived from the catabolism of cholesterol in liver.BA play an important role in digestion,absorption and metabolism of nutrients and maintenance of health.On one hand,BA can facilitate the solubilization,digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins owing to its detergent characteristics and regulate glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,immunity adjustment and BA homeostasis through activating farnesoid X receptor(FXR),G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1(GPBAR1)and vitamin D receptor(VDR).On the other hand,high concentration of BA showing cytotoxicity,intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been strongly implicated in fetal intrauterine growth retardation,intrauterine distress,premature and even death.This review briefly introduces the classification of BA,the nutritional and physiological functions of BA,BA homeostasis and its regulation through nutrition,which may provide new version and reference for animal nutrition and animal production.