饲料加工工艺与复合维生素添加量对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响

Effects of Feed Processing Technology and Multivitamin Additive Amount on Growth Performance,Blood Indexes and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Growing and Finishing Pigs

本试验旨在研究饲料加工工艺与复合维生素添加量对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选用80头30 kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交试验猪,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复4头猪,进行14周的饲养试验(生长期6周、育肥期8周)。对照组饲粮采用普通加工工艺生产,配方中添加正常剂量的复合维生素(生长期350 mg/kg、育肥期200 mg/kg,作为复合维生素添加量A组);试验组饲粮均采用高效调质低温制粒工艺生产,其中试验1组复合维生素添加量与对照组相同,同时作为复合维生素添加量A组,试验2组和试验3组复合维生素添加量分别较对照组降低20%和40%(试验2组:生长期280 mg/kg、育肥期160 mg/kg,作为复合维生素添加量B组;试验3组:生长期210 mg/kg、育肥期120 mg/kg,作为复合维生素添加量C组)。结果显示:1)生长期,高效调质低温制粒工艺组颗粒硬度及淀粉糊化度显著高于普通加工工艺组(P<0.05);高效调质低温制粒工艺组的末重及平均日增重高于普通加工工艺组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);高效调质低温制粒工艺组的粗蛋白质、干物质表观消化率均显著高于普通加工工艺组(P<0.05);不同复合维生素添加量组间生长性能差异不显著(P>0.05),但B组的粗蛋白质、干物质表观消化率显著高于A组及C组(P<0.05)。2)育肥期,高效调质低温制粒工艺组颗粒硬度显著高于普通加工工艺组(P<0.05);高效调质低温制粒工艺组的末重显著高于普通加工工艺组(P<0.05);高效调质低温制粒工艺组的粗蛋白质、干物质表观消化率均显著高于普通加工工艺组(P<0.05);高效调质低温制粒工艺组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于普通加工工艺组(P<0.05);各生长性能指标在不同复合维生素添加量组间均差异不显著(P>0.05),但B组的干物质表观消化率显著高于A组及C组(P<0.05),B组的血清免疫球蛋白M (IgM)含量显著高于C组(P<0.05),A组的血清ALT、AST活性显著高于B组及C组(P<0.05)。由此可见,采用高效调质低温制粒工艺生产生长育肥猪饲粮,颗粒饲料加工质量及营养物质表观消化率优于普通饲料加工工艺,且配方中减少复合维生素添加量对生长育肥猪的生长性能无显著影响。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed processing technology and multivitamin additive amount on growth performance,blood indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing and finishing pigs.Eighty Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire three-way cross pigs with the body weight of 30 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 4 pigs in each replicate.The feeding trial lasted for 14 weeks,including a 6-week growing period and a 8-week fattening period.The diet of control group was pelleted by ordinary processing technology,and a normal dose of multivitamins was added to the formula[350 mg/kg in the growing period and 200 mg/kg in the fattening period,as group A for multivitamin additive amount];the diets of test groups were pelleted by high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology.The multivitamin additive amount of test group 1 was similar to that of the control group,which was also used as group A for multivitamin additive amount.The multivitamin additive amounts of test groups 2 and 3 were reduced by 20%[280 mg/kg in the growing period and 160 mg/kg in the fattening period,as group B for multivitamin additive amount]and 40%[210 mg/kg in the growing period and 120 mg/kg in the fattening period,as group C for multivitamin additive amount]based on the control group,respectively.The results showed as follows:1)during the growing period,the pellet hardness and starch gelatinization degree of the high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology group were significantly higher than those of the ordinary processing technology group(P<0.05),and the final weight and average daily gain(ADG)of the high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology group were higher than those of the ordinary process group,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein and dry matter of the high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary processing technology group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in growth performance indexes among groups with different multivitamin additive amounts(P>0.05),but the apparent digestibility of crude protein and dry matter of the group B was significantly higher than that of the groups A and C(P<0.05).2)During the fattening period,the pellet hardness of the high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary processing technology group(P<0.05),the final weight of the high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary processing technology group(P<0.05),the apparent digestibility of crude protein and dry matter of the high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary processing technology group(P<0.05),and the contents of immunoglobulin A(IgA)and glucose(GLU)and the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum of the high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology group were significantly higher than those of the ordinary processing technology group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in growth performance indexes among groups with different multivitamin additive amounts(P>0.05),but the apparent digestibility of dry matter of the group B was significantly higher than that of the groups A and C(P<0.05).Moreover,the serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)content of the group B was significantly higher than that of the group C(P<0.05),and the serum ALT and AST activities of the group A were significantly higher than those of the groups B and C(P<0.05).It can be seen that the diets of growing and fattening pigs adopt high-efficiency condition and low-temperature pelleted processing technology,the pellet feed processing quality and apparent digestibility of nutrients are better than the diets produced by ordinary processing technology,and the decrease of multivitamin additive amount in feed formula has no significant effects on the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs.