枯草芽孢杆菌对石门土鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态的影响

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Antioxidant Indexes and Intestinal Morphology of Shimen Chickens

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)对石门土鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态的影响。选取540只55日龄、体重[(0.75±0.02) kg]相近的健康石门土鸡母鸡,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加300和600 mg/kg BS的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1) 1～14 d时,与对照组相比,300、600 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)有提高趋势(P>0.05); 15～28 d和1～28 d时,各组间的ADFI、ADG和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。2)与对照组相比,600 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),300、600 mg/kg BS组的腹脂率有提高趋势(P>0.05);各组间的半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,14 d时,300 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P <0. 05); 14和28 d时,300、600 mg/kg BS组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著提高(P <0.01)。4)与对照组相比,300、600 mg/kg BS组石门土鸡的十二指肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度均有提高趋势(P>0.05),300 mg/kg BS组的空肠绒毛宽度显著提高(P<0.05);各组间的回肠绒毛宽度、隐窝深度和绒隐比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加BS提高了石门土鸡的屠宰性能,增强了机体抗氧化能力,改善了肠道形态。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis(BS)on growth performance,slaughter performance,serum antioxidant indexes and intestinal morphology of Shimen chickens.A total of 540 55-day-old healthy Shimen female chickens with similar body weight of(0.75±0.02)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.Chickens in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 300 and 600 mg/kg BS,respectively.The adjustment period lasted for 7 days,and the experimental period lasted for 28 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with control group,average daily feed intake(ADFI)and average daily gain(ADG)of Shimen chickens in 300 and 600 mg/kg BS groups had an increasing trend from 1 to 14 days(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in ADFI,ADG and the ratio of feed to gain(F/G)among all groups from 15 to 28 days and 1 to 28 days(P>0.05).2)Compared with control group,dressing percentage of Shimen chickens in 600 mg/kg BS group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and abdominal fat percentage in 300 and 600 mg/kg BS groups had an increasing trend(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in semi-eviscerated percentage,eviscerated percentage,breast muscle percentage and leg muscle percentage among all groups(P>0.05).3)Compared with control group,the activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in serum of Shimen chickens in 300 mg/kg BS group was significantly increased at 14 days(P<0.05),and the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in serum in 300 and 600 mg/kg BS groups was significantly increased at 14 and 28 days(P<0.01).4)Compared with control group,villus height,fluff width and crypt depth of duodenum of Shimen chickens in 300 and 600 mg/kg BS groups had an increasing trend(P>0.05),and fluff width of jejunum in 300 mg/kg BS group was significantly increased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in fluff width,crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of ileum among all groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,dietary BS improves slaughter performance,enhances antioxidant capacity and improves intestinal morphology of Shimen chickens.