2000年代以来中国省际人才的时空变动分析

An Analysis to Spatial-Temporal Changes of Talents in All Provinces of China since 2000s

以31个省市为分析样本,基于空间地理学视角,对2000—2015年期间中国人才的空间分布、变动态势以及影响因素进行了实证研究。研究发现,中国形成了以京、津为聚点的京津冀和以沪为聚点的长三角人才高度聚集区,人才总体呈"T"型空间分布格局。北方人才密度高于南方,且西南地区和中部地带存在"人才塌陷"危险。人才的空间聚集呈现明显的"辐合效应"和"辐散效应",并经历由北向南逐步偏移的过程。其中,城市化和经济发展水平是人才空间聚集的主要驱动机制,其同时还受高等教育培养能力、医疗服务水平等因素的影响。但随着各地人才竞争的加剧,户口、财政补贴等非市场化机制成为人才空间聚集的关键因素。建议中央政府要制定政策鼓励和引导人才向人才薄弱区转移,地方政府要根据自身特点制定人才政策,坚持待遇引才与事业引才相结合,注重人才生态环境建设。

Based on the data from 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2015,this paper makes an empirical study on the spatial distribution, changing trends and influencing factors of Chinese talents from the perspective of spatial geography. The study found that China has formed a high concentration area of talents in the Yangtze River Delta with Shanghai as the agglomeration points and Beijing-Tianjin wings with Beijing and Tianjin as the agglomeration points, showing the overall “T” pattern of spatial distribution. The density of talents in the north is higher than that in the south, meanwhile, there is a danger of “talent collapse” in the southwest and central regions. The spatial agglomeration of talents shows obvious “convergence effect” and “divergence effect”, which undergoes a process of gradual shift from north to south. Among them, urbanization and economic development are the main driving mechanism of talent spatial agglomeration, and also influenced by factors such as higher education training ability, medical service level and so on. However, with the intensification of talent competition, non-marketization mechanisms such as household registration and financial subsidies have become the key factors for the accumulation of talent space. This article suggests that central government should formulate policies to encourage and guide the talents transfermation to weak areas. Meanwhile, local governments should formulate talent policies according to their own characteristics, adhere to the combination of benefit employment and career employment and pay attention to construct the ecological environment of talent.