内能定义中的缺陷及内能的重新定义

Defects in the Definition of Internal Energy and the Redefinition of Internal Energy

一般教材中根据绝热过程功与路径无关的性质定义内能,内能这样的定义是有缺陷的,它只能给出同一绝热过程上的状态内能之间的关系,而不能给出不同绝热过程上的状态内能之间的关系。文章根据量热学和热功当量实验的相关结论,在已知热量和功的定义基础上,根据热力学第一定律对内能重新进行定义。

In general,the textbook defines the internal energy according to the property that the work of adiabatic process is independent of the path of adiabatic process,so the definition of internal energy is flawed,it can only give the relationship between the internal energy in the same adiabatic process,but it cannot give the relationship between the internal energy in different adiabatic process.In this paper,internal energy is redefined according to the first law of thermodynamics on the basis of the known definitions of heat and work based on the relevant conclusions of calorimetry and mechanical equivalent of heat.