生物炭、木醋液对磷尾矿堆肥进程及磷活化的影响

The Effect of Biochar and Pyroligneous on the Composting Process of Phosphorus Tailings and Activating Phosphorus

【目的】探讨生物炭、木醋液对擦洗磷尾矿堆肥进程及磷活化的影响。【方法】采用外源添加将生物炭、木醋液与堆肥原料(锯末+麦麸)进行不同比例的替代后制备生物磷肥。【结果】生物炭木醋液混合添加,能够使堆体快速升温降温,有效缩短堆肥发酵时间,推进堆肥进程。生物炭+木醋液处理(TC)磷尾矿磷的活化率达20.89%,与生物炭处理(T)、木醋液处理(C)和空白对照(CK)相比极显著提高了3.16%、4.62%和9.99%(P<0.01)。除C处理外,TC处理后有机酸总量显著增加(P<0.05)。由有机酸种类及含量检测结果可知:高温阶段TC处理酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸含量与其他处理相比成倍增长。高温阶段随乙酸含量的增加磷的活化率有增加趋势。对堆肥的各因素进行相关分析可知:堆肥高温阶段产物速效磷含量与总有机酸极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】生物炭、木醋液混合添加优于单用,促进堆肥过程中有机酸的产生,进而提高了磷尾矿堆肥中磷的活化。

[Purpose]To explore the effects of biochar and pyroligneous on the process of composting and phosphorus activation of scrub tailings.[Methods]Bio-phosphorus fertilizer was prepared by exogenous addition of biochar, pyroligneous and compost material (sawdust+wheat bran) in different proportions.[Results]The addition of biochar and pyroligneous mixed that could increase the temperature of the heap quickly, effectively shorten the compost fermentation time, and promote the composting process. The activation rate of phosphorous tailings treated with biochar+pyroligneous (TC) increased by 3.16%, 4.62%, and 9.99% compared with biochar treatment (T), pyroligneous treatment (C) and blank control (CK), respectively. Except for pyroligneous treatment (C), the total amount of organic acids in biochar+pyroligneous treatment (TC) increased significantly (P<0.05). The contents of tartaric acid, malic acid and citric acid of TC trentment in the high temperature stage increased exponentially compared with other treatments;and the activation rate of phosphorus increased with the increase of acetic acid content in the high temperature stage. Correlation analysis of various factors of composting showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the available phosphorus content and the total organic acid in the high temperature stage of compost (P< 0.01).[Conclusion]The mixed addition of biochar and pyroligneous is better than single use, which promotes the production of organic acids and improves the activation of phosphorus in phosphorus tailings compost.