电动车开关磁阻电机驱动和保护控制策略研究

Research of the Driving Control and Protection Strategies for EV Switched Reluctance Motor

传统开关磁阻电机(SRM)起动时采用电流斩波控制(CCC),中高速阶段采用角度位置控制(APC)对转速进行调节。但在电动车领域的SRM驱动控制中,通常采用基于脉宽调制(PWM)控制的方式来实现电机的开环调速。在传统SRM控制方式的基础上,提出了一种动态斩波的起动方式以及一种PWM控制与APC控制相结合的中高速运行的综合控制策略,可确保电机在不同负载下平稳起动、瞬间提速和稳定运行。与此同时,对控制器保护环节中最为关键的过流保护和堵转保护进行了设计,提升了整个驱动系统的可靠性。为了验证所提驱动控制策略和保护方法的可行性,在以STM32F103处理器为控制核心的控制器和1台12/8结构电动车SRM上进行了系统的试验。试验结果表明在该控制算法下,电机能够快速起动和稳定运行,且能检测到故障并及时保护,证明了该算法的正确性。

Traditionally,the current chopping control (CCC) was applied for starting control and the angle position control (APC) was applied in medium-high speed operation state for the switched reluctance motor (SRM).However,in electric vehicle (EV) application field,SRM was usually controlled with traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategy.A dynamic CCC based starting scheme and a hybrid PWM and APC control strategy based medium-high speed operation control scheme were developed,which could ensure smooth starting operation,instantaneous speedup and stable operation under different load cases.Meanwhile,the most important controller protection parts such as the over-current protection and motor stalling protection were also optimized,and thus the system reliability would be highly improved.To verify the validity of the control strategies and the protection methods,experiments were implemented with a 12/8 structure SRM and the STM32F103 microchip based power controller.The results showed that the motor could start up quickly and smoothly,and the current fault and stalling fault could be diagnosed immediately with the proposed methods.