临夏州东乡族学龄前儿童营养状况3年对比分析

The changes of nutritional status of Dongxiang preschool children in Linxia over a 3-year period

目的探讨西部地区临夏州东乡族学龄前儿童的3年营养状况变化情况,为该群体适宜的营养干预提供依据。方法随机抽取2012年临夏东乡族自治县111名3～6岁东乡族儿童为调查对象,采用24小时回顾法结合半定量食物频率法的方法进行膳食调查及体格检查,并与3年前(2009年)研究结果进行对比分析。结果调查对象膳食结构依然不合理,动物性食物及豆类的摄入量较3年前有一定的增加(P<0.05),蔬菜、水果的摄入量有所下降(P<0.05),奶类的摄入量(129.4g)明显不足,而油脂的摄入(40g)过量;三大宏量营养素的摄入量较3年前有一定变化,其中脂类的摄入量较3年前明显增加(P<0.05),但均未达到参考摄入量(能量占参考摄入量的63%,蛋白质51%,脂类85%),此外,包括维生素A、维生素C、钙、铁、锌等在内的大部分营养素摄入不足的问题依然没有得到改善。结论东乡族学龄前儿童营养状况不容乐观,与3年前相比,膳食结构不合理、营养素摄入不足的状况依然存在。呼吁相关部门及社会给予关注,提倡加强营养健康教育,在增加其膳食摄入量总量的同时,合理优化膳食结构,必要时进行营养补充剂的强化,以纠正其营养不良现状,促进其生长发育,预防相关慢性病的发生。

Objective To analyze the changes of nutritional status of Dongxiang preschool children in Linxia over a 3-year period and provide evidence for nutritional intervention among the minority children.Methods Using random cluster sampling method,111 children aged 3 to 6 years old were selected from Dongxiang county of Linxia.The survey included dietary survey and physical examination.Dietary survey was performed by using 24-hours Recalled and Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire methods.All the results were compared with our previous research made 3 years ago.Results Dietary pattern of the subjects was still unsatisfying.Compared with 3 years ago,although the intakes of meat/egg (95.1g vs 61.3g) and bean (15.7g vs 1.3g) increased,the consumption of vegetables (90.5g vs 123.7g) and fruits (91.1g vs 206.4g) were decreasing.Furthermore,the intake of milk (129.4g) was still insufficient,while fat (40g) was excessive.The intakes of most nutrients,including carbohydrate,protein,fat,vitamin A,vitamin C,Calcium,Iron and Zinc could not meet recommend nutrition intakes (RNI).The nutritional status of those children was still unimproved compared with 3 years ago.Conclusion The nutritional status of the preschool children of Dongxiang minority was unsatisfying.The nutrition deficiency problem still existed.attention should be paid to those particular group children.It is feasibility to solve the above problems by nutritional education which aims to increase the consumption of relative food and adjust the dietary pattern,combining with nutrients supplement among those children,in order to improve their development.