汪公民俗地方化与屯堡村庄治理秩序的生成

Localization of Wang Gong’s Belief in Guizhou and the Formation of Village Governance Order

黔中屯堡社区的汪公传说大致可分为捍卫民众安全、评判民众纠纷以及惩戒民众失敬等类别,这些传说产生、扩散、流传至今,主要在于它建构并维系了"汪公"的神圣性。屯堡民众以"汪公"来规训村民行为举止并生成村庄社会关系,也将之弥散于"抬汪公"活动而直接型塑出具有超越性的活动经费筹措和管理制度。"抬汪公"民俗在屯堡社区的实践表明,以民间习俗为基础而生成并维持的村庄"自组织"式的治理秩序,可以与现代科层式治理秩序并行不悖。

The legend of Wang Gong making his spirit presence can be roughly divided into such categories as safeguarding public security,judging public disputes and punishing public disrespect of him.These manifestations have been produced,spread,and passed down to the present mainly lie in the fact that they construct and maintain the sanctity of Wang Gong.Tunpu people use the sacredness of "Wang Gong" to discipline villagers' behavior and create village social relations.They also spread it in the activities of "carrying Wang Gong" and directly shape the surpassing financing and management system of activities.The practice of "carrying Wang Gong" in the Tunpu community shows that the "self organizing" governance order of villages generated and maintained on the basis of sacredness can be paralleled with the modern bureaucratic governance order.