高超声速运载器宽速域气动/推进耦合建模与分析

Aerodynamics/propulsion coupled modeling and analysis of hypersonic vehicle within wide speed range

为了满足吸气式高超声速运载器在初步设计阶段的宽速域模型需求,基于流线追踪和高超声速气动理论建立独立于构型的宽速域压力和摩擦力壁面分布气动模型;以准一维流理论为基础,建立包含边界层和跨声速特性的宽速域双模态超燃冲压发动机模型.对于典型工况,2种模型的仿真结果与试验结果误差分别不大于2%、3%.在所建立模型的基础上,提出前体/进气道和后体/尾喷管力系的解耦/耦合策略,建立气动和推进学科的宽速域一体化耦合模型及仿真平台.针对某吸气式高超声速运载器的分析发现一体化设计的吸气式高超声速运载器存在严重的非线性气动/推进强耦合,认为所建立的耦合模型在精度满足一定要求的条件下能够定量/定性地评估气动/推进的耦合效应,有助于吸气式高超声速运载器的构型设计、地面仿真和控制研究.

The further investigation was required to meet the wide speed range model requirement of the airbreathing hypersonic vehicle in preliminary design phase. A wide speed range aerodynamic model for distributions of pressure and friction on the surface of vehicle, which was independent of the vehicle concept, was established based on the streamline tracing technique and the hypersonic aerodynamic theories. A wide speed range dual-mode scramjet model including boundary layer and transonic characteristics was established on the basis of quasi-one-dimensional flow theory. The errors between models and experiments less than 2% and 3% were achieved for the typical cases, respectively. The coupling/decoupling strategies of forebody/inlet and after body/nozzle forces were presented and a wide speed range aerodynamics/propulsion integrated coupling model and platform was built, based on the established models. An analysis of wide speed range aerodynamics/propulsion coupling characteristics of a typical airbreathing hypersonic vehicle was carried out, and severe nonlinear aerodynamics/propulsion coupling characteristics were observed for the integrated designed airbreathing hypersonic vehicle. The results of analysis agreed that the coupling model established could be used to evaluate the aerodynamics/propulsion coupling characteristics, qualitatively and quantitatively, under a satisfying accuracy requirement, and also helpful for the design, simulation and control research of airbreathing hypersonic vehicle.