民初进步党知识分子的“稳健主义”政治思想——以《庸言》杂志为核心

The Conservative Political Thought of the Intellectuals of the Progressive Party in the Early Republican China——A Research Centering on the Justice Journal

在民初政争中,进步党知识分子以《庸言》杂志为阵地,秉持"稳健主义"立场,在对抗激进民权势力的同时企图引导袁世凯官僚派势力。他们一方面提倡"开明专制"精神;另一方面又要求保持不同政治势力之间的互相对抗。在制度规划上,他们力求平衡立法与行政部门的关系,倾向"有限度之内阁制",主张给袁世凯保留一定权力。进步党知识分子的这种"稳健主义"政治主张是他们为民初政治转型所规划的理想路径,虽未能实践,但在思想史上仍有其重要意义。

In the Political Debate occurred in the Early Republican China,the intellectuals of the Progressive Partyre represented by Liang Qichao considered the Justice Journal as their front and held a conservative political position. On the one hand,they opposed radical civil rights activists represented by many revolutionaries. On the other hand,they attempted to guide the bureaucratic force led by Yuan Shikai. They claimed limited political participation,asked for political confrontation between different political forces,and also advocated the spirit of enlightened despotism. As for the choice of a particular political system,they accepted a limited kind of cabinet system and gave up the ideal of Party Cabinet,which meant that they wanted to reserve some power for the president-Yuan Shikai. They also claimed for the balance of powers between the administrative department and the parliament,and objected the unlimited expansion of power by any one of them. With these moderate political opinions, the intellectuals of the Progressive Party provided an ideal path for the political transformation in the Early Republican China. Although it hadn’t been put into practice,it still has an important significance for us.