摘要
现代汉语中动词"包括"正发生双重演化:一个维度是连词化,在不同的句法语用框架中呈现不同的连接功能。有的是基于"点"的思维联想,展示组合连词的特征;有的是基于"面"的思维组织,展示关联连词的特征。另一个维度是话语标记化,其他标记由附加于"包括"之上到与之协同再到融合创新,产生举例标记"你包括像",加推了"包括"的虚化。"包括"的双重演化反映了词汇功能演变的两条基本轨迹:篇章功能的强化会导致逐渐关联化、连词化;人际功能的强化会导致逐渐主观化、话语标记化。演化动因可以从"隶属关系"的认知延展和"列举→举例→话题"的语用推导来解释。
In Mandarin Chinese,the verb baokuo (包括) seems to be under a bi-dimensional change:one is the process of conjunctionalization and the other is to become a discourse marker.The former refers to the occurrence of its function as a coordinating or correlative conjunction,and the latter refers to the creation of a new function by attaching (adding,associating,or blending) baokuo to existing markers.This bi-dimensional change of baokuo suggests two fundamental paths of development in language change:the path towards conjunctionalization under the intensification of discourse function;and the gradual process of subjectivization towards a discourse marker caused by the strengthening of interpersonal communication.The motivation of such changes can be accounted for by the cognitive extension from BELONG and the pragmatic inference from "listing" to "illustrating" and finally to the "topic".
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期311-318,383,共9页
Studies of the Chinese Language
关键词
包括
浮现
连词化
话语标记化
话语标记
语言演变
baokuo (包括)
emergent
conjunctionalization
discourse-marking
discourse marker
language change
