闽南方言的多功能虚词“共”和“合”

The multifunctional function words ka(η) (共) and kap/kah (合) in Southern Min dialects

本文试图在重新梳理当代闽南方言虚词"共"和"合"的主要用法和读音的基础上,结合当代闽南方言"合"的动词用法,并参考汉语史上和不同语言/方言中相关虚词的用法,探讨"共"和"合"的来源及其相互间的关系。本文认为,闽南方言的虚词"共"和"合"并非简单的词汇替换关系,而是两个完全不同的虚词,有各自的词汇来源和演变路线。

By re-examining the major use and pronunciation of two function words,the ka(η)(共) and kap/kah (合) in various modern Southern Min dialects,this paper aims to investigate the lexical sources of these two words and their relation with each other.Considering their uses in the history of Chinese,it is argued that ka(?) and kap/kah are actually two different function words,each with their own lexical sources and development pathways.The diachronic change in the distribution of these two words is not a simple case of lexical replacement and it is caused by competition in which ka(?) lost some of its original functions while the expansion of the function of kap/kah got restricted.