中东欧经济转轨30年:制度变迁与转轨实绩

Thirty-Year Economic Transition of CEE Countries:Institutional Change and Performance

中东欧国家的经济转轨是人类社会经济史上最重大的制度变迁之一。中东欧国家已经建立了市场经济体制,经济转轨进程已经结束。中东欧作为新兴市场的重要组成部分,其市场经济不同于其他新兴市场经济国家。中东欧区域的市场经济具有如下共同的特征:第一,市场主导经济生活,国家在经济中发挥有限的作用;第二,中东欧国家为开放型经济,高度依赖外部,特别是西欧的市场、资本和技术;第三,中东欧国家均保持了一定的福利制度。纵观过去30年,中欧国家、波罗的海国家与西巴尔干国家之间的分化十分显著。这种分化不仅体现在市场经济体制的成熟度的差异上,而且体现在经济实绩的差异上。初始条件、转轨战略、欧洲化是影响转轨实绩的重要因素,决定转轨实绩的决定性因素在于经济政策和制度。

One of the most significant institutional changes,the economic transition of Central and East European countries has been finalized.Common features of the CEE market economy include market domination and limited function of states,economic openness together with high level of reliance upon foreign market,capital and technology,and an extent of social welfareretention.Over the past 30 years,significant intraregional disparities emerged in terms of both market maturity and economic performance.The performance of transitionare decided by economic policy and institutional arrangements in addition to other factors such as initial condition,transitional strategy,and Europeanization.