伊拉克国家重建困境的根源及出路

The Roots of the Predicament of Iraq Reconstruction and Its Way Out

国家重建是伊拉克战后发展进程中亟待破解的难题。伊拉克国家重建是在现代民族国家建构尚未完成和治理面临困境的背景下展开的。当前,伊拉克重建陷入政治制度难以有效运转、尚未实现社会整合、经济社会重建未能全面展开的困境。美国主导的重建、地缘政治博弈和地区国家的介入是伊拉克重建陷入困境的外部因素;政党教派化,政府治理能力缺乏,进而弱化伊拉克的政治权威与政府的合法性、传统上伊拉克民众凝聚力不足,按教派、族群划分的政治架构削弱了国家认同是内部根源;极端主义和恐怖主义蔓延也直接危及重建进程。伊拉克解决重建困境的关键是在寻求平衡域内外大国关系的前提下走自主重建之路。

Reconstruction is an urgent problem to be solved in Iraq ’ s post-war development process.Iraq reconstruction is carried out against the background that Iraqi modern nation-state building has yet to be accomplished and the governance is confronted with predicament.The lack of dominant power,the weakening of national identity,the political structure based on religious and ethnic groups,the diversified social structure,and the involvement of regional countries constrain the process of Iraq reconstruction.External interventions,sectarian conflicts,ethnic separation,terrorism and geopolitical games,etc.are important factors that lead to the predicament of Iraq reconstruction.The key to solving the predicament of Iraq reconstruction lies in the independent reconstruction under the premise of balancing the relations between neighboring countries and major powers outside the region.