民国时期汕头城市商业地理的初步分析——以侨批业为中心

A Preliminary Analysis of the Business Geography in Republican Shantou City: A Study Focusing on the Qiaopi Business for the Overseas Chinese

1860年,随着《天津条约》的签订,汕头被迫开放为通商口岸,成为沟通海外与整个韩江流域的枢纽港,在随后的几十年间迅速发展为繁华的都市,吸引了海内外商民在此经营和居住,专门服务海外华侨和国内侨属的侨批业的发展引人瞩目。海外大量侨汇输入国内,对汕头埠及其腹地的经济发展起到了颇为重要的作用。通过提取近代日用类书《汕头指南》中商业名录等地理信息,以及房地产卡片中的土地利用信息,利用地籍图和GIS技术,可展现并分析20世纪40年代汕头埠侨批业的空间分布情况。当时较多的侨批业机构聚集在"四永一升平"街区这一商业中心,这种分布整体上呈现了城区范围内的人居变化,反映了侨批业经营网络与汕头商民的籍贯、房地产投资以及海外华侨的密切联系。

Opened as a treaty port in 1860,Shantou became a pivotal hub connecting the whole Hanjiang area and the world.It developed into a prosperous city in a few decades and attracted a large population residing and doing business here.In particular,the Qiaopi business that exclusively served for overseas Chinese and their relatives in China thrived significantly.Overseas Chinese sent back to China a large amount of money,which played an important role in the economic development of Shantou city and its surrounding areas.This research used geographic data in historical materials to reconstruct and analyze the location of the Qiaopi business in Shantou in the 1940s.It shows that the majority of the Qiaopi business was located in the commercial area called "Si yong yi shengping".The spatial layout of the Qiaopi business represents the commercial network of this business as well as the Shantou population's hometown origins,real estate investment and their close relationship with the overseas Chinese.