晋语里残存的“儿[n]”缀

On the Remnants of Suffix [n]儿 in Jin Group

晋语的"儿"缀,不论是自成音节还是儿化韵,大都和北方的其他方言一样,或者说卷舌的[■r](如太原、大同),或者是平舌的[ai](如清徐)、[■■](如神木)。但在少数常用的、老的土词里,还残存着"儿[n]"缀,与前字合音成一个音节。比如汾阳称母亲为"妈儿[■mA]",太原称笼箅为"甑箅儿[t■i■■pi■■]子",浑源称去年为"年时儿[■ni■■s■],太原称今天为"今日儿[■t■i■■■z■■]"。从合音前字的韵母来看,如果不计喉塞尾[■],都没有韵尾:或者是单元音[i]、[■]或[■],或者是入声韵[■■i■■],正好与"儿[n]"缀合音成一个有韵尾的音节。从构词来看,合音日久,说话的人已经意识不到原来是什么成分,便重新构词,产生了"甑箅儿[■pi■■]+子"的形式。从分布区域来看,多集中在晋语的边缘区域--北部的五台片、大包片、张呼片;南部的吕梁片隰县小片及南邻的中原官话汾河片。

Most suffix er 儿 in Jin Group are pronounced like those in other dialects in northern China,either as an independent syllable or as a retroflex final,i.e.retroflection [■r]儿 in Taiyuan and Datong dialects,[ai]儿 in Qingxu dialect,and [■■]儿in Shenmu dialect.But in a few commonly used native words,the remnant of suffix [n]儿,which combines with the preceding syllable,can be found.For example,[■m A ]妈儿 means mother in Xiaoyi dialect,[t■i■ pi■■·ts■■]甑箅儿子 means the grate with a shape of cage in Taiyuan dialect,[■ni■■s■]年时儿 means last year in Hunyuan dialect,and [■t■i■■■z■■]今日儿 means today in Taiyuan dialect.The preceding vowels,which have no tails if the glottal stop [■] is not counted,may be the monophthong [i],[■] or [■],or the entering finals [■■] or [i■■],which form a new syllable with a final with the suffix [n]儿.From the prospect of word-formation,the speakers cannot tell the original component since the synaeresis has been there for a long time,and make a new word form which is [■pi■■]甑箅儿+[·ts■■]子.Such remnants can be found in the fringe area of Jin group,i.e.Wutai,Dabao and Zhanghu cluster in the north and Xixian sub-cluster of Lvliang cluster in the south,and also the Fenhe cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin to the south.