义乌话指示词“二分”现象探析

On the Binary System of Demonstratives in Yiwu Dialect, Zhejiang Province

本文描写义乌话三个指示语素的用法,指出其"二分"实质。义乌话有三个指示语素并列使用:个、同、面。其中"个"表近指,"同"和"面"表非近指。一方面,"同"和"面"没有距离远近之别,互相替换意义不变。另一方面,指示语素"面"是由方位词虚化而来的,进入指示范畴,与"同"形成竞争关系。文章最后指出只有形式与意义均"三分"才是真正的"三分"。

This paper describes the usages of the three demonstratives in Yiwu Dialect,Zhejiang province,and clarifies the its binary nature.The three demonstrative morphemes are [k■■┐]个,[do■┚]同 and [mie■]面.[k■■┐]个 indicates proximate index,while [do■┚]同 and [mie ■]面 distal.On the one hand,no difference is found between [do■┚]同 and [mie■]面 in distance index and thus mutual substitution means no change in meaning.On the other hand,[mie■]面 grammaticalizes from a localizer and becomes a competitor with [do■┚]同.In the end,the paper argues that a real triple system establishes only when both the form and the meaning are triple.